EFFECT OF PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH PALM KERNEL SHELL ON COMPRESSIVE AND FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

PASCHAL CHIDOZIE EZEANOKWASA (NAU/2016224029)

Abstract


This study was carried out to investigate the effect of partial replacement of coarse aggregate (granite) with Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) on flexural and compressive strength of concrete. Concrete specimens were prepared with a mix ratio of 1:2:4 (Cement: Sand: Granite-PKS). Water/cement ratio of 0.55 was adopted for all relevant laboratories testing. The granite was partially replaced with PKS in increasing percentages of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% by weight of thedry sample. The test conducted include: Sieve analysis of Granite (GT), Sand (SD) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), Specific gravity of PKS, SD and GT, Slump (Workability) test of fresh concrete, Water absorption test of Granite (GT) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), Density test of Granite (GT), Sand (SD) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), Compressive and Flexural Strength test of hardened concrete cubes. Sieve analysis test conducted for both GT, SD and PKS classifiedthe samples as GM (Gravelly Silt), SC (Clayey Sand) and GM (Gravelly Silt) according to Unified Soil Classification System and A-1-b, A-2-4 and A-1-b according to American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO, 1986) while the specific gravity of GT, SD and PKS was found to be 2.69, 2.61 and 2.29 respectively. The Water absorption test conducted for GT and PKS suggest a water absorption value of 1.44 and 17.07 respectively. Density test conducted indicate that GT produces the highest density in both loosed and compacted state with that of SD been relatively the same and the additive (PKS) producing the least value. The slump (workability) test of the concrete was observed to improve upon consistent addition of PKS from 4% to 20%PKS with the highest slump value recorded at 20%PKS content. The flexural Strength of the hardened concrete cubes recorded at 7, 14, 21 and28 days of curing increased initially from 4% to 8%PKS content but beyond 8%PKS, the flexural strength decreased while the compressive strength recorded at 7, 14, 21 and 28 increased only at 4%PKS content, beyond 4%PKS content the compressive strength decreased. The observed decline in flexural and compressive strength result can be attributed to the lack of sufficientcrushing strength of the additive (PKS) and hence this study strongly discourages the use of this material (PKS) beyond 4% as no obvious improvement in flexural and compressive strength of the hardened concrete was observed.

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