INVESTIGATION ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD PRODUCED FROM BIODEGRADEABLE WASTE AND PLASTICS
Abstract
This paper investigated the physical properties of particleboard produced using Biodegradeable wastes (Rice husk, Sawdust, Breadfruit seed coating, Oil palm fruit fiber) and plastics. Five samples were examined. The moisture content, ash content, thickness swelling percent, water absorption percent, density, surface appearance, of these produced samples, were all examined and compared with the control sample (medium dense fireboard, (MDF)). The mean density of the board ranges from 240kg/m3 to 648kg/m3. The moisture content ranges from 21.81% to 69.39%. water absorption percent and thickness swelling percent ranges from 19.24% to 119.94% and 5.88% to 38.46% respectively at two hours soaking, 70.99% to 219.6% and 5.88% to 66.67% respectively at 24 hours soaking. The control sample (purchased medium dense fireboard, (MDF)) recorded the highest density (643kg/m3),highest ash content (9.55%),lowest moisture content (16.08%), lowest thickness swelling and water absorption percent (19.24%,5.88%) at 2 hours soaking in water, lowest thickness swelling and water absorption percent (70.99%,5.88%) at 24 hours soaking in water.Sample A (particleboard produced with Rice husk) gave the best performance among other produced samples for physical properties. Generally, the results of the physical properties of the samples were comparable to the control sample (MDF) which is available in the local Market. The result also shows that it is possible to produce particleboards with less sophisticated equipment and their production process were comparable to that of the control sample (MDF) which is available in the local Market. However,inadequate drying,compaction/ pressing and particles not properly milled into finer powdered form during the production process, were noticed to be the major diffrences between the production processes of the produced samples and the control sample.
KEYWORDS: Â Particle board, Sawdust, Rice husk, Oil-palm fiber, Breadfruit seed coating, Plastics, Physical properties, Density, Moisture content, Ash content, Thickness swelling and Water absorption Percent.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
A.B Akinyemi, Abdulkareem, S.A. & Adeniyi, A.G. (2016). “Production of Particleboards Using Polystyrene and Bamboo Wastesâ€. Construction and Building Material, Vol. 127, No. 3, July 2016, pp. 436– 441
Abdulkareem, S.A., Raji, S.A. & Adeniyi, A.G. (2017). “Development of Particleboard from Waste Styrofoam and Sawdustâ€. Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 14(1): 18 – 22
Amenaghawon, A.N. & Bienose, K.C. (2016). “Particle Boards Produced From Cassava Stalks: Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Propertiesâ€. South African Journal of Science. 111(5/6), 1 – 4.
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) (2009) American National Standard for Particleboard. ANSI/A208.1. Composite Panel Association, Gaithersburg.
Atuanya, C.U., Obele, C.M., 2016. Optimization of process parameter for sawdust/recycled polyethylene composites. J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 4, 270–277.
Asha, A. (2017). “Fabrication of Particle Boards from Rice Huskâ€. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER), 7(5): 30 – 38.
Astari, L., Prasetiyo, K.W. & Suryanegara, L. (2018). “Properties of Particleboard Made from Wood Waste withVarious Sizeâ€. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 166 (2018) 012004
Bruce, R. (2014) Understanding Wood: A Craftsman's Guide to Wood Technology (Newtown, CT: Taunton Press), p. 235.
Cengiz Guler, Ibrahim Bektas, Hulyaka Laycloglu (2006). The Experimental Particleboard Manufacture From Sun Flower Stalks (Helianthus annus I.) and Calabrian Pine (Pinusbrutia ten). For Prod j. 56(4).
Chibudike,H.O., Anyakora,A.N., Suleiman, M.A., et al., 2011. Utilization of baamboo intheproductionofceilingboard.J.Eng.Res.16(1),1–10
Ekpunobi,U.E.,Ohaekenyem,E.C.,Ogbuagu,A.S.,etal.,2015.Themechanicalproperties of ceiling board produced from waste paper. Br. J. Appl. Sci. Technol. 5(2), 166–172
Ezeagu C.A, Agboanike O.J, (2020) Experimental Investigation using Design Experiment software for light weight concrete production with sawdust as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. Nigerian journal of Engineering vol 27, (2) pp9-16
Ezeagu C.A, Uzodinma F.C, Chukwuneke P.T, (2022) Effect of grain orientation on the Structural characteristics of Sawdust Laminates. Nigerian journal of Engineering vol 29, (2) pp9-16
Ezeagu C.A, Ugboaja C.E, Okonkwo V.O, (2022). Experimental study on the properties of sawdust concrete with partial replacement of cement with sawdust ash . Journal of Inventive engineering and technology (JIET) vol2 issue 2 pp 1-11
Emmanuel, MU; Edidiong, SS (2020). The Recycling of Sawdust Waste into Particleboard Using StarchBased Modified Adhesive. Comm. in Physical Sci. 6(1):760-766
Ezenwa O.N. Obika E.N, Umembamalu C., Nwoye F.C.. Development of ceiling board using breadfruit seed coat and recycled low density polyethylene Heliyon2405- 8440/© 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd licensehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02712(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Harsavardhaa, A; Murugananandam, I (2017). Preparation and characteristic study of particleboard from solid waste. 14th Int’l conference on Sci. Eng. (ICSET). 263(1):1001
Idehai,O.O.,2012.Retroï¬tingcompositeceilingtileswithsawdustintroduction.Cuvillier291–295.
Idris, U. D., Aigbodion, V. S. Gadzama, R. M. and Ahmed, T. Y. (2012). Suitability of Maize Cob Particles and Recycled Low Density Polyethylene for Particleboard Manufacturing. Materials Science, MSAIJ,8(1) 34-37.
Isheni, Y., Yahaya, B.S., Mbishida, M.A., et al., 2017. Production of agro waste compositeceiling board (a case study of the mechanical properties). J. Sci. Eng. Res. 4 (6),208–212.
Okafor K.K , Ezeagu C.A, (2020) ‘ The analysis of bending stiffness and strength of glue laminated Nigerian timber’,European journal of engineering research and science vol5, n0 2
Madu,O.G.,Nwankwojike,B.N.,Ani,O.I.,2018.Optimaldesignforricehusk- sawdustreinforcedpolyesterceilingboard.Am.J.Eng.Res.(AJER)7(6),11–16.
Olatunji-Osei, O. (2010). Plastic Waste - What is the Solution For Ghana? Retrieved April 7, 2010, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Plastic-Waste---What-is-the-Solution-For-Ghana?&id=3495228
Olatunji-Osei, O. (2010). Plastic Waste - What is the Solution For Ghana? Retrieved April 7, 2010, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Plastic-Waste---What-is-the-Solution-For-Ghana?&id=3495228
Oladele, I.O., Akinwekomi, A.D., Aribo, S., et al., 2009. Development of ï¬ber Reinforced cementitious composite for ceiling application. J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 8 (8),583–590.
Olorunmaiye, J.A., Ohijeagbon, I.O., 2015. Retroï¬ting composite ceiling boards withjatropha curcas Seedcake material. J. Production Eng. 18 (2), 96–102.
Olufemi, A.S., Abiodun, O.O., Omaojor, O., et al., 2012. Evaluation of cement-bondedparticle board produced from afzelia africana wood residues. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. 7(6), 732–743
Ogundipei, A.C. 2012. Assessment of Waste from Conversion of Indigenous Timber Species in Ogun State, Nigeria. Bells University Journal of Applied Sciences and Environment l (1), 80-86
Sekaluvu L, Tumutegyereize P and Kiggundu N 2014 Investigation of factors affecting the production and properties of maize cob-particleboards. Waste Biomass Valor. 5 27–32
Stephen,K.,Zachary,O.S.,Joan,J.K.,etal.,2014.Comparative studyofcompositemadefrom ensete false banana ï¬bres and polyethylene with block board. J. EnergyTechnol. Policy 4 (12), 48–54.
Suleiman, I.Y., Aigbodion, V.S.,Shuaibu, I., et al., 2013. Developmentof eco- friendlyparticleboardcompositesusingricehuskparticlesandgumArabic.J.Mater.Sci.Eng.Adv. Technol. 7 (1), 75–91.
A.B Akinyemi, Abdulkareem, S.A. & Adeniyi, A.G. (2016). “ProductionofParticleboards Using Polystyrene and Bamboo Wastesâ€. Construction and Building Material, Vol. 127, No. 3, July 2016, pp. 436– 441
Abdulkareem, S.A., Raji, S.A. & Adeniyi, A.G. (2017). “Development of Particleboard from Waste Styrofoam and Sawdustâ€. Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, 14(1): 18 – 22
AdhikaryK.B,PangS.&StaigerM.P.(2008)DimensionalStabilityandMechanical BehaviourofWood- PlasticCompositesBasedonRecycledandVirginHigh- Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Compos Part B39:807–815
Amenaghawon, A.N. & Bienose, K.C. (2016). “Particle Boards Produced From Cassava Stalks: Evaluation of Physical and Mechanical Propertiesâ€. South African Journal of Science. 111(5/6), 1 – 4.
Anderson, K. R., & Williams, M. P. (2016). Environmental Implications of Breadfruit Seed Coating Particleboard: A Life Cycle Assessment. Environmental Science and Technology, 42(5), 1205-1218.
ANSI (American National Standards Institute) (2009) American National Standard for Particleboard. ANSI/A208.1. Composite Panel Association, Gaithersburg.
ANSI (2009). American National Standards Institute, A208.1-2009, Composite Panel Association, 19465 Deerfield Avenue, Suite 306, Leesburg, VA 20176, USA. ANSI A208.1-2016 – Particleboard.
American Society for Testing and Materials, Standard test methods for evaluating properties of wood-based fiber and particle panel materials. ASTM D1037-12. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, 2012, pp. 137-155
American National Standard Institute, American National Standard Particleboard. ANSI A208.1-2016. Composite Panel Association, Leesburg, VA, 2016
Atuanya, C.U., Obele, C.M., 2016. Optimization of process parameter for sawdust/recycled polyethylene composites. J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 4, 270–277.
British Department Env. 323 Wood Based Panels- Determination of Density, European committee for standardization (CEN) (1975).
BS EN 312 (2010) Particleboards. Specifications. European Committee for Standardization, Brussels
Bufalino, L., Albino, V.C.S., De Sa, V.A., Correa, A.A.R., Mendes, L.M. & Almeida, N.A. (2012). “Particleboards made from Australian Red Cedar: Processing Variables and Evaluation of Mixed- Speciesâ€. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 24(2): 162 -172.
Chen, Y., et al. (2018). Effect of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Modified with Silicon Dioxide on the Properties of Rice Husk Particleboard. BioResources, 13(4), 7682-7696.
Chibudike,H.O., Anyakora,A.N., Suleiman, M.A., et al., 2011. Utilization of baamboo intheproductionofceilingboard.J.Eng.Res.16(1),1–10.
Debdoubi A, J. Cano, R. Kiveka, E. Colacio, Production of Fuel Briquettes From esparto partially pyrolyzed. Energy Conversion and Management 46, 2004, 1877-1884.
Ekpunobi,U.E.,Ohaekenyem,E.C.,Ogbuagu,A.S.,etal.,2015.Themechanicalproperties of ceiling board produced from waste paper. Br. J. Appl. Sci. Technol. 5(2), 166–172
Elehinafe, F.B., Okedere, O.B., Odulami, O.A., Mamudu, A.O. & Bamidele, S.F. (2019). “Proximate Analysis of the Properties of some Southwestern Nigeria Sawdust of Different Wood Speciesâ€. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), 10(3): 51 – 59.
Ezeagu C.A, Agboanike O.J, (2020) Experimental Investigation using Design Experiment software for light weight concrete production with sawdust as a partial replacement for fine aggregate. Nigerian journal of Engineering vol 27, (2) pp9-16
Ezeagu C.A, Uzodinma F.C, Chukwuneke P.T, (2022) Effect of grain orientation on the Structural characteristics of Sawdust Laminates. Nigerian journal of Engineering vol 29, (2) pp9-16
Ezeagu C.A, Ugboaja C.E, Okonkwo V.O, (2022). Experimental study on the properties of sawdust concrete with partial replacement of cement with sawdust ash . Journal of Inventive engineering and technology (JIET) vol2 issue 2 pp 1-11
Han, G.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, D., Umemura, K. and Kawai, S.; (1998), Upgrading Of Urea Formaldehyde-Bonded Reed and Wheat Straw Particleboard Using Silane Coupling Agents. Journal of Wood Science, Vol 44, pp 282-286, Springer
Idris, U. D., Aigbodion, V. S. Gadzama, R. M. and Ahmed, T. Y. (2012). Suitability of Maize Cob Particles and Recycled Low Density Polyethylene for Particleboard Manufacturing. Materials Science, MSAIJ,8(1) 34-37.
Idehai,O.O.,2012.Retroï¬tingcompositeceilingtileswithsawdustintroduction.Cuvillier291–295.
Isheni, Y., Yahaya, B.S., Mbishida, M.A., et al., 2017. Production of agro waste compositeceiling board (a case study of the mechanical properties). J. Sci. Eng. Res. 4 (6),208–212.
Kelly, M.W (1977). Critical Literature Review of Relationship between Processing Parameters and Physical Properties of Particleboard. USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin
Madu,O.G.,Nwankwojike,B.N.,Ani,O.I.,2018.Optimaldesignforricehusk- sawdustreinforcedpolyesterceilingboard.Am.J.Eng.Res.(AJER)7(6),11–16.
M.V Scatolino, D.W Silva, R.F Mendes, I.M. Mendes, Use of Maize cob for Production of Particleboard, 2015 retrieved from dol: 10.1590/51413-70542013000400006
Olatunji-Osei, O. (2010). Plastic Waste - What is the Solution For Ghana? Retrieved April 7, 2010, from http://ezinearticles.com/?Plastic-Waste---What-is-the-Solution-For-Ghana?&id=3495228
Oladele, I.O., Akinwekomi, A.D., Aribo, S., et al., 2009. Development of ï¬ber Reinforced cementitious composite for ceiling application. J. Miner. Mater. Charact. Eng. 8 (8),583–590.
Olorunmaiye, J.A., Ohijeagbon, I.O., 2015. Retroï¬ting composite ceiling boards withjatropha curcas Seedcake material. J. Production Eng. 18 (2), 96–102.
Olufemi, A.S., Abiodun, O.O., Omaojor, O., et al., 2012. Evaluation of cement-bondedparticle board produced from afzelia africana wood residues. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. 7(6), 732–743
Olufemi, A.S., Abiodun, O. O., Omaojor O. and Paul, F. A. (2012). Evaluation of Cement Bonded Particle boards made from Banana stalk (Musa sapientum). Global Journal of Advance Engineering Technologies and Sciences. 2(675):2349-2368.
Rose Marie, Garay Francisco, Macdonald Maria, Luisa Acevedo, Beatrize Calderon, Jaime E. Araya, Particleboard Made From Crop Residues Mixed With Wood From Pinusradiata, Bioresources 4(4)(2009)1396-1408
Smith, A., et al. (2020). Nanoscale Additives for Improving Particle Board Properties. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 37(6), 643-657
Stephen,K.,Zachary,O.S.,Joan,J.K.,etal.,2014.Comparative studyofcompositemadefrom ensete false banana ï¬bres and polyethylene with block board. J. EnergyTechnol. Policy 4 (12), 48–54.
Suleiman, I.Y., Aigbodion, V.S.,Shuaibu, I., et al., 2013. Developmentof eco- friendlyparticleboardcompositesusingricehuskparticlesandgumArabic.J.Mater.Sci.Eng.Adv. Technol. 7 (1), 75–91.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright © 2022-2025. Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University. All Rights Reserved..