INFLUENCE OF COMPACTION VARIABLES AND GRAIN SIZE COMPOSITION ON UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH MODEL OF SAND-CLAY MIXTURES
Abstract
Assessing the combined influence of compaction variables and grain size composition on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) model of mixed blended soils is necessary for cost-effective and reliable construction outcomes. River sand was blended with clay in the proportion: 0, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60% by weight of clay. Laboratory experiments were carried on the sand-clay mixture to determine the grain size distribution, consistency, compaction properties and the unconfined compressive strength. The results of the maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), grain size composition (fine and sand particles) and UCS were used to generate models under two compaction efforts using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with MDD, OMC and grain size as independent variables and UCS as the response factor. The model developed showed high prediction confidence level of over 96% across mixtures. There was a substantial level of significance for the model comprising of MDD and OMC, but much enhancement was recorded when grain size distribution was introduced into the model. R2 values between 0.96 and 0.99 were recorded across the four models generated
KEYWORDS: Compaction Variables, Grain Size Composition, Unconfined Compressive Strength, Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Sand-clay Mixture
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alnmr, A., and Ray, R. P. (2021). Review of the effect of sand on the behavior of expansive clayey soils. Acta Technica Jaurinensis, 14(4), 521–552. https://doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.00611
Alnmr, A., Hosamo, H. H., Lyu, C., Ray, R. P., and Alzawi, M. O. (2024). Novel Insights in Soil Mechanics: Integrating Experimental Investigation with Machine Learning for Unconfined Compression Parameter Prediction of Expansive Soil. Applied Sciences, 14(11), 4819.
Al-Rawi, O., Assaf, M. N., Hussein, N. M., and Al Rawi, O. S. (2018). Effect of Sand Additives on the Engineering Properties of Fine-Grained Soils. 13(9). www.arpnjournals.com
Al-Taie, A. J., and Ahmed, M. D. (2024). A Critical Review of Soil Models and Factors Affecting Earth Retaining Structures Design. Jurnal Kejuruteraan, 36(3), 909–923. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2024-36(3)-07
Aziz, Mubashir, (2023). Mechanical properties of a high plasticity clay mixed with sand and low-plastic silt. Materials Today. Proceedings, ISSN 2214-7853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.08.012.
British Standard 1377 (1990). Method of testing soil for civil engineering purpose.
British Standard 1924 (1990). Methods of testing for stabilized soils. British Standards Institute, London.
Dasgupta, T. (2014). Compressible Clay Soil As Backfill Material : Problems And Remedial Measures.
Do, H. D., Pham, V. N., Nguyen, H. H., Huynh, P. N., and Han, J. (2021). Prediction of unconfined compressive strength and flexural strength of cement-stabilized sandy soils: a case study in Vietnam. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 39, 4947-4962.
Feng, G., Luo, Q., Lyu, P., Connolly, D. P., and Wang, T. (2023). An Analysis of Dynamics of Retaining Wall Supported Embankments: Towards More Sustainable Railway Designs. Sustainability, 15(10), 7984. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107984
Godwin, J., Adejumo, T. E., and Amadi, A. A. (2024). Assessment of Sand-Clay Mixtures as Backfill Material for Earth Retaining Structures. In the proceeding, School of Environmental Technology International Conference, Vol-1, (pp. 125-131).
Guan, X., and Madabhushi, G. S. P. (2022). Dynamic response of a retaining wall with a structure on the dry backfill. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 157, 107259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107259
Khuri, A. I., and Mukhopadhyay, S. (2010). Response surface methodology. Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: Computational statistics, 2(2), 128-149.
Kollaros, G., and Athanasopoulou, A. (2017). SAND AS A SOIL STABILIZER. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 50(2), 770. https://doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11783
López, L. C. S., Vergara, J. A. A., de la Rosa, Y. E. N., Arrieta, A., and Baldovino, J. D. J. A. (2024). Effect of Grain Size and Porosity/Binder Index on the Unconfined Compressive Strength, Stiffness and Microstructure of Cemented Colombian Sands. Materials, 17(21), 5193.
Louafi, B., and Bahar, R. (2012). SAND: An Additive for Stabilzation of Swelling Clay Soils. International Journal of Geosciences, 03(04), 719–725. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2012.34072
Onyelowe, K. C., Mojtahedi, F. F., Azizi, S., Mahdi, H. A., Sujatha, E. R., Ebid, A. M., and Aneke, F. I. (2022). Innovative overview of SWRC application in modeling geotechnical engineering problems. Designs, 6(5), 69.
Pham, V.; Huu-Dao, D.; Erwin, O. and Dominic, E. L. O. (2021). Prediction of unconfined compressive strength of cement-stabilized sandy soil in Vietnam using artificial neural networks (ANNs) model. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 15(4):1-11. DOI:10.1080/19386362.2020.1862539
Yamus, Y. B., Rashid, A. S. A., Ahmad, K., and Abd Rahman, N. (2019). A review on the fundamental engineering properties of compacted laterite soil at different gradations. Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 16(1), 10-19.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright © 2022-2025. Department of Civil Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University. All Rights Reserved..