FLOOD HAZARD AND RISK ASSESSMENT OF VULNERABLE AREAS DOWNSTREAM OF LOWER USMAN DAM IN FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY ABUJA NIGERIA
Abstract
Poor drainage systems, low capacity for storage and infiltration during heavy rainfall, lack of maintenance, and increase in urban growth are the main reasons for increase in flooding in urban areas. Also, future climate and land-use change also affect urban flooding and risks. Urban flood risk assessment and dissemination of this information are very important in urban flood management. Soil Water Application Tool is a hydraulic model used to asses flood hazard and risk assessment of vulnerable areas downstream of Lower Usman Dam Abuja and was also used it to predict the location of flood-prone areas using flood hazard maps. The SWAT model was interfaced with Map window GIS, the two modelssimulated the hydrology which predicted the sediment yield and surface runoff in the sub-basin of the watershed. Digital Elevation Model (DEM), digital soil map, digital land use and land cover map, climate and hydrological input data of study watershed were used. The result shows that Usman dam Reservoir falls within 7 sub-basin and 7 Hydrological Response Units (HRUs) with the area of 107.09292km2 and the average annual surface runoff estimated at 17.4069mm and the average annual sediment yield was estimated as 0.638452tons/ha. From the result, it was discovered that sub basin 6 has the highest sediment yield and sub basin 1 has highest surface runoff. Hence, to checkmate flooding hazard along the downstream area of the lower Usman dam, there should be proper vegetative cover to prevent surface runoff. Adequate and proper drainage construction will reduce the effect of flooding into the dam and downstream of the dam.
Keywords: Usman Dam, flood, vulnerable, SWART, MAP WINDOW Prediction.
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