DURABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF MORTAR INCORPORATING PULVERISED BURNT CLAY WASTE UNDER FRESHWATER AND SALINE EXPOSURE
Abstract
Flooding significantly affects the performance of cement-based materials, particularly in tropical environments. This study evaluates the durability and resilience of mortar incorporating Pulverised Burnt Clay Waste (PBCW) under prolonged freshwater and saline exposure. Mortar mixes containing 0–20% PBCW were prepared at binder–sand ratios of 1:6 and 1:8 with a constant water–binder ratio of 0.60. After 28 days curing, specimens were immersed for 120 days and followed by 120-day air-drying recovery. Control mixes experienced strength losses of up to 47.78%, whereas PBCW-modified mixes showed lower deterioration (28–36%) and improved recovery. The highest resilience index of 173.52% was obtained at 10% PBCW replacement under saline conditions. XRD analysis indicated reduced portlandite and formation of chloride-binding phases. Results show that 5–10% PBCW provides optimal performance. PBCW is therefore a viable supplementary cementitious material for durable and resilient mortar in flood-prone environments.
Keywords: Pulverised burnt clay waste (PBCW), mortar durability, flood exposure, resilience index, saline exposure, pozzolanic materials..
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