REVIEW OF THE EFFECT OF INDUCTION FURNACE SLAG, TERNARY PLC, RHA AND WGP BLENDED CEMENT ON THE MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

Khadijat Jumai Orire, Mutiu Adelodun Akinpelu, Shuaib Bolanle Jimoh, Faizah Opeyemi Lawal

Abstract


The growing demand for environmentally sustainable construction materials has become increasingly critical due to the significant environmental impacts associated with conventional concrete production, particularly carbon emissions from cement manufacturing and the depletion of natural aggregate resources. Consequently, industrial and agricultural waste materials have gained attention as alternative aggregates and supplementary cementitious materials. This review critically evaluates the mechanical and microstructural performance of concrete incorporating induction furnace slag (IFS) as a replacement for natural aggregates, together with a ternary blended binder consisting of Portland limestone cement (PLC), rice husk ash (RHA), and waste glass powder (WGP). This new composite aim to improve concrete performance while reducing its environmental footprint. Existing studies indicate that IFS exhibits favorable engineering properties, including high hardness and a rough surface texture, which enhance interfacial bonding and contribute to improved compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths when used at appropriate replacement levels. The incorporation of RHA and WGP contributes significant pozzolanic activity due to their high amorphous silica content, promoting secondary hydration reactions, increasing calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) formation, reducing calcium hydroxide, and refining the pore structure. Microstructural analyses using techniques such as SEM, XRD, and FTIR consistently reveal a denser cement matrix and stronger interfacial transition zones. Despite these benefits, challenges such as material variability, potential contaminants in slag, and optimization of mix proportions remain critical considerations. Overall, this review highlights the potential of combining IFS aggregates with PLC, RHA, and WGP  blended cement to produce high-performance, eco-friendly concrete while reducing dependence on conventional construction materials.

Keywords: Induction furnace slag, rice husk ash, waste glass powder, ternary blended cement, structural performance.


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References


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